Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction 

The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a ring of muscle that prevents stomach contents from flowing backward into the esophagus. When this muscle weakens or relaxes at the wrong times, acid can travel back into the esophagus, causing reflux symptoms.

Hiatal hernia and GERD

A hiatal hernia occurs when part of the stomach moves above the diaphragm. This can disrupt the normal function of the LES and increase the likelihood of acid reflux.

Risk factors: diet, lifestyle, and pregnancy

Several factors can contribute to GERD, including obesity, smoking, pregnancy, and certain dietary habits. Foods such as fatty meals, spicy foods, caffeine, alcohol, chocolate, carbonation and acidic foods may trigger symptoms in some individuals.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive condition in which stomach acid repeatedly flows back into the esophagus. GERD develops when acid reflux occurs frequently enough to cause symptoms or damage to the esophagus. The condition can affect daily comfort, sleep quality, and overall health if left untreated.

Silent GERD (laryngopharyngeal reflux)

Some patients experience a form of acid reflux known as laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), often called silent GERD. Unlike traditional GERD, LPR may not cause heartburn. Instead, patients may experience chronic throat clearing, hoarseness, a persistent cough, or the sensation of a lump in the throat.

Heartburn and regurgitation

Heartburn is the most common symptom of GERD and is often described as a burning sensation in the chest. Many patients also experience regurgitation, where stomach contents or a sour-tasting liquid rise into the throat or mouth.

Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)

Chronic GERD-induced inflammation can narrow the esophagus, making it difficult or uncomfortable to swallow food or liquids.

Chest, throat, and ear pain

GERD can cause discomfort beyond the digestive tract. Some patients experience chest or abdominal pain, throat irritation, or referred pain radiating to the ears.

Nausea (especially in the morning)

Morning nausea may occur when stomach acid irritates the esophagus overnight, particularly in patients with uncontrolled acid reflux.

Chronic cough and hoarseness

Repeated exposure to stomach acid can irritate the vocal cords and airways, resulting in a chronic cough, hoarseness, or frequent throat clearing.

Acid reflux refers to the occasional backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus. GERD is diagnosed when acid reflux becomes chronic and occurs frequently enough to cause symptoms, complications, or damage to the esophagus. While occasional reflux is common, GERD often requires medical evaluation and treatment.

Upper endoscopy

An upper endoscopy allows your physician to examine the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and upper small intestine. This procedure can detect inflammation, ulcers, strictures, and other complications of GERD.

Ambulatory pH monitoring 

This test measures acid levels in the esophagus over a period to determine how frequently reflux occurs and whether symptoms correlate with acid exposure.

Esophageal Manometry

Esophageal manometry evaluates the strength and coordination of esophageal muscles, including the lower esophageal sphincter. This test can help identify motility disorders that may contribute to reflux symptoms.

Lifestyle and diet changes

Many patients benefit from nutritional counseling to avoid trigger foods, eat smaller meals, maintain a healthy weight, and avoid lying down shortly after eating. Smoking cessation and limiting alcohol intake can also improve symptoms.

Medications for GERD

Over-the-counter and prescription medications may help reduce acid production and promote esophageal healing. Your physician will recommend the most appropriate treatment based on the severity and frequency of your symptoms. 

Surgical treatment 

For patients with severe GERD or those who do not respond adequately to medications, surgical procedures may be considered to strengthen the barrier between the stomach and esophagus and reduce acid reflux.

At NYGA, our physicians use advanced diagnostic testing and personalized treatment plans to help patients manage GERD and improve their quality of life. Whether you're experiencing occasional reflux or chronic symptoms, our team is here to help.

Schedule an appointment with NYGA today to receive expert evaluation and treatment for GERD.